Unlocking Genetic Diversity: Meiosis And The Human Karyotype
In the human life cycle, haploid cells, gametes (eggs and sperm), possess 23 chromosomes, half the number of diploid cells. Haploid cells arise through meiosis, ensuring genetic diversity in offspring. The human karyotype, a complete set of chromosomes, comprises 22 pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes. Diploid cells, with 46 chromosomes, are formed by the fusion of haploid gametes during fertilization. This intricate balance of chromosome distribution is crucial for maintaining genetic integrity, understanding human health conditions, and advancing genetic research.